Document Based Question on the Colonies Essay - 1142 Words

Document Based Question on the Colonies The 1600s were a time of global expansion, and the search for a new world where people could start their lives anew and have a say in the way their society was run. After Christopher Columbuss discovery of the Americas, countries began to send colonies to settle and establish a presence in the vast and unconquered land. The English sent some of the largest amounts of immigrants to the new world. One†¦show more content†¦The Puritan people who came to the Americas were separatists who sought to establish a new religiously based community that could be immune from outside influences. While the Chesapeake settlers came to the Americas solely to grow tobacco and turn a profit for the joint stock companies that sent them. These differences in purpose are evidenced by the lists of people who first established the colonies. In 1635, the emigrants sent to Virginia by these joint stock companies were composed primarily of young single men in their twenties who could work on the tobacco farms (Doc C). They were not sent with their families and out of the long list of emigrants, only 11 were women. This shows that the stock companies really didnt care if their colonists established a community and were only concerned with making money. The New England list of emigrants however shows entire families, most containing more then four people of relation, who made the trip to the Americas (Doc B). This is due to the fact that the Puritans goal was start a community of religious families who would work together to be successful puritans in the eyes of god. This is shown through puritan leader, John Winthrops writings known as his Â⠀˜City upon a Hill speech (Doc A). Puritans were more focused on the community aspect and planned to use their children to work their landShow MoreRelatedAmerica, A Narrative History Essay1425 Words   |  6 Pagesdifferences between the Native Americans and the Spanish Explorers is the third-person biographical narrative called â€Å"The Collision of Cultures.† The narrative gives the reader insight on what the indians and the explorers pre-judgement of one another, based off of what the parties believed with their religion and moral. This article’s reader would be someone that showcases an immense interest in a population’s psychology and culture. As well as, interest someone who is knowledgeable in the dynamics ofRead MoreEssay on The Effects of Imperialism1278 Words   |  6 PagesWORLD HISTORY Document-Based Question: Effects of Imperialism Directions: The following question is based on the accompanying Documents 1- 13 (The documents have been edited for the purpose of this exercise.) This question is designed to test your ability to work with and understand historical documents. Write an essay that: ï‚ · ï‚ · ï‚ · ï‚ · Has a relevant thesis and supports that thesis with evidence from the documents. Uses all or all but one of the documents. Analyzes the documents by grouping themRead MoreBirth Of Americ Analysis1332 Words   |  6 PagesStanyslav Borsh Us History-2 9-2-2014 Birth of America Questions Analysis Questions- Please answer each of the following in at least a paragraph, using specific evidence as support. 1. What issue or issues were at the heart of American grievances towards the British government? Provide two specific examples. one example that the Americans had grievances towards the British was that the British imposed different taxes on the colonies. The British had needed money after the Seven years war soRead MoreEssay about The American Revolution: An Economic Movement706 Words   |  3 PagesRevolution, the revolution should be considered an economic movement based on the idea of â€Å"no taxation without representation.† The colonists believed that the British rule in the colonies was extremely unfair, but these intellectual causes are greatly outnumbered by economic causes such as taxes and trade. The economic and social causes for the American Revolution were based off of the imposement of British taxes in the colonies. The colonists found the British taxes to be extremely unfair and uncalledRead MoreThe Success Of The American Revolution1328 Words   |  6 PagesThe thirteen American colonies wanted to be free from rule by Great Britain. Freedom would make it possible to create a new kind of government without a king. In the democracy envisioned by the country s earliest leaders, Americans would govern themselves based on certain principles or ideals. Few people at the time thought that the American Revolution would succeed and the Americans could win a war against the world s greatest empire. At the beginning of the war, there was no regular AmericanRead MoreThomas Paine Common Sense Essay1691 Words   |  7 PagesDuring the revolutionary period, new thoughts and ideas were being presented. These ideas ultimately formulated into an American political ideology. Questions were being asked and it was during this time that a new experiment in government would take place. However, before that could occur, great thinkers had to present their ideas and argue for a change in government. Thomas Paine argued for lofty ideals such as freedom, security, and equality. It was through these arguments that he encapsulatedRead MoreThe Declaration Of The Rights Of Women1307 Words   |  6 Pagesthree documents associated with historical revolutions, Thomas Jefferson’s The Declaration of Independence, the French National Assemblyâ₠¬â„¢s The Declaration of the Rights of Man, and Olympe de Gouges’ The Declaration of the Rights of Women, readers are presented with the markedly different perspectives on revolution and reform that their authors held, painting a picture of ideals in revolutions separated by both an ocean and an inherent difference in perceptible motivation. Though each document mentionedRead MoreEssay on American Colonization1660 Words   |  7 PagesEuropean countries set up American colonies in the North and South colonial regions, with principles of economic opportunity and religious toleration for the benefit of the motherland, to the extent of the desires and decisions of the immigrants of America. During the 1400s, England did not tolerate any church beside the Anglican church. Catholics were persecuted and did not have religious freedom. King Henry VIII split with the Roman Catholic Church over a question of his divorce from CatherineRead MoreSlavery During The American Colonies Essay1537 Words   |  7 PagesSlavery in the American colonies had greatly shaped the nation as we know it to be today. After the discovery of the New World, Spanish conquerors intended to enslave Native Americans, but punishment, overwork, and diseases such as small pox and malaria decreased their population rapidly. The only solution was to kidnap African Americans from their homeland and transport them on ships under poor, unsanitary conditions, many of which died of yellow fever, dysentery, or suicide. Upon arrival, theyRead MoreThe Civil War1126 Words   |  5 Pagesdifferent ideals on how to achieve that goal. Many historians believe that the Civil War could have been avoided, I for one believe the Civil War was quite inevitable. Obviously, the different ideas are going to cause some tension between the two ‘colonies’. Looking at all the events that did lead to the Civil War I have come to the conclusion that there were three broad causes which lead to the Civil War. The three major causes of the Civil War are the challenges over: political disputes, slavery

Buddhism (The Buddha) Free Essays

The Buddha sought to show us how to overcome suffering by attaining Nibbana. Buddhism is the fourth largest religion in the world today. Its history that now span some two and a half centuries began from the birth of its founder, Prince Siddhartha Gautama. We will write a custom essay sample on Buddhism (The Buddha) or any similar topic only for you Order Now Most scholars agree that Siddharta who became known as Buddha was an actual historical persona. He began the religion and philosophy of Buddhism when he reached Enlightenment in 535 BCE while meditating under a Bodhi tree following his abandonment of the life of luxury (The Buddha). Beliefs and Ethics Central to Buddhism is the understanding of the nature of humans and the causes of human suffering or dukkha. The Buddhists hold the viewpoint that human suffering lays in ignorance, concluding that it is a condition brought about by conflict and stress inherent in human existence and the interaction with the world (Buddhist Ethics 2005). There are various schools of Buddhism such that it has no one bible or sacred texts but instead, a vast collection of authoritative texts from different traditions. Theravada Buddhism has the Tipitaka or Pali canon; Mahayana Buddhism has the Chinese Buddhist Tripitaka, and the Tibetan branch has the Kangyur and Tengyur, among others (Strong, 2008). In sum, the following constitute part of the basic beliefs in Buddhism: A. The Four Noble Truths 1. Life is suffering or dukkha; 2. The origin of suffering is attachment or craving; 3. Attachments can be overcome, and this cessation of suffering is called nirvana; 4. The way to accomplish the cessation of suffering is the Eightfold Path (Boerre). B. The Eightfold Path – consists of eight elements that can be grouped into the three categories, as follows: †¢ Wisdom or prajna – right view and right aspiration or intention †¢ Morals – rights speech; right action and right livelihood †¢ Meditation or samadhi – right effort; right mindfulness, and right concentration (Strong, 2008). C. Karma – all of human actions bear consequences within a cycle of human craving and suffering, such that our lives are always conditioned by our past actions (Buddhist Teachings). D. Buddhist ethics or precepts termed as sila – made up of the four conditions of chastity, calmness, quiet and extinguishment. According to the Karmic Law, keeping sila is meritorious and serves as good cause to bring about happy or peaceful effects (Buddhism 2008). E. Rebirth – consciousness continues beyond death, finding expression in another life or reincarnation in the future (Buddhist Teachings). F. Enlightenment – through the Four Noble Truths and the Eightfold Path, one is liberated from karma towards Enlightenment, the state of being that transcends suffering (Buddhist Teachings). Customs and Festivals Because there are many schools of Buddhism that have emerged throughout the centuries, the rituals and practices of Buddhists vary according to tradition in different parts of the globe. Significant Buddhist customs include the following: A. Veneration of the Buddha – refers to the honoring of, and meditation, on the qualities of the Buddha. B. Pilgrimage – the main purposes of the pilgrimage to the many Buddhist centers is the fostering of spiritual discipline or the fulfillment of a vow. C. Ordination – the rite of passage of anyone wishing to be a Buddhist monk involves the renouncing of secular life and accepting life in the monastic sangha as a novice (Venerating). Buddhist festivals are important holy days celebrated in various traditions, which include: †¢ Dharma Day, which marks the beginning of the teachings of Buddha; †¢ Losar, the most important Tibetan holiday that marks the New Year (lunar); †¢ Parinirvana, a Mahayan Buddhist holiday marking Buddha’s death; †¢ Wesak festival, the most important festival in the Buddhist calendar, celebrates the birthday of Buddha on the full moon of the month of May. Sangha Day that celebrates the spiritual community (Holy days). The divisions of Buddhism have sometimes been called sects or schools, but in this book I have used the word lineage, as it seems to fit better with Buddhist experience. A Buddhist is one who has taken refuge, and he or she has taken refuge in a specific tradition whose teachers stretch back, or are claimed to stretch back, in an unbroken line or lineage to Shakyamuni Buddha. There is one over-arching principle in the effective spread of Buddhism: skillful means. As Buddhism asks the individual, so it asks a culture: What is it, do you think, that will bring you the most happiness? When it has heard the response, Buddhism says, under its breath, But that will only bring you samsaric happiness, and continues, out loud, That is good, the Dharma can help you. Then, starting from that samsaric desire, it seeks a way of assisting the individual or culture to break out into extra-samsaric joy. Most countries into which Buddhism spread were what we might call low cultures, that is, they had rich local traditions but little sense of nationhood or broad cultural identity, and did not have a national religion or philosophy. Buddhism was able to supply this lack. It provided a Great Tradition perspective, encouraging local customs to coalesce into national polities and incorporating them in a supra-national worldview. The price was the downgrading of the local customs. Indigenous deities were said either to have converted to Buddhism, becoming Dharma Protectors (dharma-pala), or foolishly to have rejected it, thus being demoted to demons. The only country in which this did not happen smoothly was China. It had already developed, in Confucianism and Taoism, sophisticated national systems, and so was not the â€Å"pushover† that, for example, Tibet was. Buddhism had to be more humble as it approached the Chinese, and it has often smelled, to good upstanding Confucians, of foreigners and their nefarious plots. Even so, the cultural blending was such that Buddhism came to be counted as the third religion of China, and the eirenic phrase ‘The three religions are a harmonious unity’ was coined. No other foreign system, other than Communism, has been able to penetrate Chinese culture so completely. Buddhism says that it can be said that since the human problem is essentially one of ignorance, and since this is a phenomenon that exists in varying degrees of intensity, it is always worth examining any claims to truth. This is especially the case when the Absolute Truth attested by Buddhism is beyond perfect verbalization, for another religious or philosophical tradition, despite apparent conflict of ideas, may actually be trying with different terms to express the same ultimate perception which is enshrined in Buddhism itself. Rival truth claims are, then, not necessarily hostile and the Buddhist should feel it possible to engage in interested discussion with advocates of other ideologies. Further, it is always possible that other religions may be able to suggest useful techniques for the attainment or apprehension of Absolute Truth. Yet the Buddhist knows that the propositions which attempt to approximate Truth must be submitted to the light of the ultimate Buddhist experience, and if they cannot be seen to lead toward this, they are in genuine and decisive conflict with Buddhism. Each religion, then, is open to dialogue, but each presents a touchstone by which authority is to be tested – the experience which suggests the U+016nyatA concept for Buddhism, and for Christianity the experience of God as he expresses himself in Christ. Interestingly enough, this emphasis on a decisive experience or intuition of Truth means that ardent adherents of both recognize the significance of Kierkegaard’s dictum about subjectivity being truth and know that there are important respects in which a man committed to another religious experience may yet understand mine far better than a purely objective observer can ever hope to do. To study and record the observable data of a religious tradition is utterly useless for the purpose of understanding what the religious man considers important about it. Thus the dialogue between Christians and Buddhists may well be more productive of sympathetic understanding (even with strongly affirmed disagreement) than that between either Christians or Buddhists with disinterested social scientists. Resources Strong, John. Experience of Buddhism. Retrieved 07 Apr. 2008 from Shippensburg University Site: http://webspace. ship. edu/cgboer/buddhawise. html. Buddhism. (2008, April 7). In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved 20:38, April 10, 2008, from http://en. wikipedia. org/w/index. php? title= Buddhismoldid=169957239. Buddhist Ethics and Social Criticism. (Updated 21 June 2005). Retrieved 07 Apr. 2008 from Image India Site: http://india_resource. tripod. com/buddhism. htm. Buddhist Teachings. Retrieved 07 Apr. 2008 from bbc. co. uk Site: http://www. bbc. co. uk/religion/religions/buddhism/beliefs/buddhateachings. shtml. Holy Days. Retrieved 07 Apr. 2008 from bbc. co. uk Site: http://www. bbc. co. uk/religion/religions/buddhism/holydays/. ‘Religious text. ’ (2008, October 23). In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved 14:44, April 9, 2008, from http://en. wikipedia. org/w/index. php? title= Religious_textoldid=166613250. The Buddha. Retrieved 07 Apr. 2008 from bbc. co. uk Site: http://www. bbc. co. uk/ religion/religions/buddhism/history/history. shtml. Venerating the Buddha, Pilgrimage and Ordination. Retrieved 07 Apr. 2008 from bbc. co. uk Site: http://www. bbc. co. uk/religion/religions/buddhism/ customs/customs. shtml. How to cite Buddhism (The Buddha), Papers

Marketing of Nokia Essay Example

Marketing of Nokia Essay Nokia Introduction Nokia Corporation (OMX: NOK1V, NYSE: NOK, FWB: NOA3) is an international communications company, focused on the key growth areas of wire line and wireless telecommunications. Nokia is currently the worlds largest manufacturer of mobile telephones, with a global device market share of approximately 38% in Q2 of 2007. Nokia produces mobile phones for every major market segment and protocol, including GSM, CDMA, and W-CDMA (UMTS). The corporation also produces telecommunications network equipment for applications such as mobile and fixed-line voice telephony, ISDN, broadband access, voice over IP, and wireless LAN. Nokias headquarters are located in Espoo, a neighbouring city of Finlands capital Helsinki. It has R, manufacturing, and sales representation sites in many continents throughout the world. Nokia Research Center, the corporations industrial research laboratories, has sites in Helsinki; Tampere; Toijala; Tokyo; Beijing; Budapest; Bochum; Palo Alto, California and Cambridge, Massachusetts. Major production factories are located at Salo, Finland; Beijing, China; Dongguan, China; Chennai, India; Komarom, Hungary and the Ruhr region at Germany. In March 2007, Nokia signed a memorandum with Cluj-Napoca City Council, Romania to open a new plant near the city in Jucu commune. Nokias Design Departure has stayed at Salo. Nokia plays a very large role in the economy of Finland. Nokia is by far the largest Finnish company, accounting for about a third of the market capitalization of the Helsinki Stock Exchange (OMX Helsinki); a unique situation for an industrialized country. We will write a custom essay sample on Marketing of Nokia specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Marketing of Nokia specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Marketing of Nokia specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer It is an important employer in Finland and several small companies have grown into large ones as Nokias subcontractors. Nokia increased Finlands GDP by more than 1. 5 percent in 1999 alone. In 2004 Nokias share of the Finlands GDP was 3. 5 percent and accounted for almost a quarter of Finlands exports in 2003. In 2006, Nokia generated revenue that for the first time exceeded the state budget of Finland. This has led some to refer to Finland as Nokialand. Finns have ranked Nokia many times as the best Finnish brand and employer. Nokia is listed as the 5th most valuable global brand in Business Week’s Best Global Brands list of 2007 (1st non-US company), the 20th most admirable company worldwide in Fortunes Worlds Most Admired Companies list of 2007 (1st in network communications, 4th non-US company), and is the worlds 119th largest company in Fortune Global 500 list of 2007, up from 131 of the previous year. COMPANY PROFILE Nokias history started in year 1865, when engineer Fredrik Idestam established a wood-pulp mill in Southern Finland and started manufacturing paper. Due to the European industrialization and the growing consumption of paper and cardboard Nokia soon became successful. In 1895 Fredrik Idestam handed over the reins of the company to his son-in-law. Nokia was Actually founded in 1965 by Fredrik Idestam in Finland as a paper manufacturing company. In 1920, Finnish Rubber Works became a part of the company, and later on in 1922, Finnish Cable Works joined them. All the three companies were merged in 1967 to form the Nokia Group. Nokia created the NMT mobile phone standard in 1981 and launched the first NMT phone, Mobira Cityman, in 1987. The company delivered the first GSM network to Radkilinia, a Finnish company in 1991, and in 1992, Nokia 1011 a precursor for all Nokia’s current GSM phones was introduced. In the 1990s, Nokia provided GSM services to 90 operators across the world. Another significant move of the company during this period was the divestment of its non-core operations like IT. The company focused on two core businesses mobile phones and telecommunications networks. In the 1990s, Nokia provided GSM services to 90 operators across the world. Another significant move of the company during this period was the divestment of its non-core operations like IT. The company focused on two core businesses mobile phones and telecommunications networks. Nokias history contains many achievements that were the first of their kind in the world. Many milestones have been experienced in the mobile phone business since the 80’s. The success with the NMT and GSM technologies and the products they spawned secured Nokias position as the worlds leading telecommunications company. The list of Nokias milestones provided a good insight in the history of wireless communications. Nokia has been involved in making the worlds first NMT network and the worlds first pocket-sized mobile phone. The worlds first device to use the Symbian OS was also produced by Nokia. Nokia was able to offer advanced products from the beginning of the 90s. Early investments in R were thus handsomely rewarded. Nokia ensured its continued growth by reforming its production in the middle of the 90s. The new phone models and standardized technical solutions made it possible to produce an increasingly extensive product range more effectively. The extensive range of mobile phone models, covering all user groups, is one of the reasons why Nokia became the market leader. INTRODUCTION TO MARKETING Marketing is the process of planning and executing the conception, pricing, promotion, and distribution of ideas, goods, services, organizations, and events to create and maintain relationships that will satisfy individual and organizational objectives. The new definition of marketing, as released by the American Marketing Association is:- Marketing is an organizational function and a set of processes for creating, communicating and delivering value to customers and for managing customer relationships in ways that benefit the organization and its stakeholders. Marketing is a social and managerial process by which individuals and groups obtain what they need and want through creating and exchanging products and value with others. (Kotler Armstrong 1987) The Mission of marketing is satisfying customer needs. That takes place in a social context. In developed societies marketing is needed in order to satisfy the needs of societys members. Industry is the tool of society to produce products for the satisfaction of needs. Marketing is one of the most important functions in business. It is the discipline required to understand customers needs and the benefits they seek. Academics does not have one commonly agreed upon definition. Even after a better part of a century the debate continues. In a nutshell it consists of the social and managerial processes by which products (goods or services) and value are exchanged in order to fulfill the needs and wants of individuals or groups. Although many people seem to think that Marketing and Advertising are synonymous, they are not. Advertising is simply one of the many processes that together constitute Marketing. Product Strategy Nokia provides its customers with a wide variety of products. As per the income band, a series of phones have been produced to meet the customer demand. Here are some examples of various products in different product levels offered by Nokia. Our Companies Basic Product: Nokia 1100- This is a simple phone having core benefits as well as certain added benefits such as a calculator, alarm, games, etc. Our Companies Expected Product: Nokia 6610- This product has certain features which the consumer expects to be present in the handset. It has a colour display, a radio, some value added games, and many more such features. Our Companies Augmented Product: N Series- This series has been lately introduced and has some extraordinary functions but for a cost which is its price. These phones can adapt to various devices, further some of these phones are Wi-Fi enabled. Our Companies Potential Product: Nokia provides its users with even the option of customization. Though these phones are not officially launched but they are sold under the same brand Nokia. Examples: Voice operated phones, Nokia Sirocco Gold phones, etc. Product Classification Based on functional life (Durable or Consumable): Phones are basically durables which last for a long period. Based on utility (Consumer goods or Industrial goods): Phones are consumer good. They can be put under Homogeneous Shopping goods. Based on tangibility (Tangible or Intangible): They can be touched and seen hence they are tangible. Based on price and quantity (Mass or Premium product): Premium products as they are Product Assortment Product Width- 1 Nokia is only into Manufacturing of mobile handsets hence its product width is 1. Product Length- (No. Of products) Presently Nokia provides its customers with 111 various cell phones, excluding the prototypes in it. Product Depth- (No. f products into colours) Nokia provides its products in various colours. Though the product may be the same but panels of various colours are available. Further it also provides with small variations such as presence or absence of camera. Product Consistency- Not applicable as Nokia is only in 1 field having no other product lines Branding Decisions Nokia follows Umbrella as well as Company brand name stra tegy. Example for Umbrella branding- N Series and E Series Example for Company brand name – Nokia **** Brand Equity Nokia uses Line extension as well as Multi branding. It’s most common way of introducing phones is by line extension, though it may sometimes evolve a new brand which it has done in case of N-Series and lately in case of E-Series. In reality a multi brand turns into line extension over a period of time. Co-Brands- Nokia had incorporated with Renault and had made a joint advertisement. This advertisement promoted both. Lifecycle Globally Nokia’s market is at maturity, where as in India it is still in the Growth stage. Pricing Strategy Nokia uses a pricing strategy that best suits the product. Keeping the product in mind the company may go for mass distribution (Penetration) or else may just tap a selected group (Skimming). Market Skimming- N-95: As in case of this phone Nokia deliberately focuses on only a selected rich group of consumers. The price is kept high as their target is only to sell a limited number of phones at a higher margin. Market Penetration- Nokia 1100: The price of this phone is kept nominal. The objective that Nokia wants to achieve through this phone is high market penetration. The desired profits are attained by dealing in volumes. Price Determination Case of 6610 Objective- To enhance market share and market penetration Demand Estimation- Tremendous demand as it is a very basic phone Price Elasticity- High elasticity because it is a utility phone Estimating cost- Generally we can see that Nokia’s product pioneer from a high price and slowly as time passes, there is a fall in price. This can be related to the Experience curve theory where in we can see that as the company gets expertise or experience in producing a particular item then the cost of production gradually falls with a period of time. Though it should be noted that the only cause of fall in price Analysing competitors’ cost price and offers- When 6610 was introduced, other players namely Motorola and Sony Ericsson’s phones were not considered to be reliable and user friendly, even though they were marginally cheap. Further as Nokia was the market leader, the prices were regulated by Nokia and other companies followed Nokia pricing decision making i. e. if Nokia reduced its price than other companies also ought to reduce their prices. Methods- Initially it was VALUE PRICING and now it is GOING RATE PRICING Selecting final price- Using all the above, the final price is arrived at. Promotion Mix Use of AIDA model in Nokia – N Series: When Nokia launched its N Series of phones, it used the AIDA model to great perfection. Before N Series phones came in the market, cell phones were primarily used as a communication tool. Features like cameras, MP3 Players, Radio, and Bluetooth were the ones which used to catch attention of the users. N Series phones revolutionised the cell phone industry with features such as High Data Storage, High Quality camera, amazing sound quality, professional usage etc. Nokia first gained ATTENTION by highly publicising N Series phones as a lifestyle product. Then it began to hold INTEREST of the people by coming up with new models and variety of features in the N Series. This also helped in arousing DESIRE in the market, which helped the company to make N Series a great success despite the high prices of the phones. Promotion Mix Tools a)Advertising One of the strongest aspects of Nokia is its advertising strategy. Nokia’s ad campaigns are have a short shelf life as they are known to be coming up with one new model for each class(basic, mid, high end) in two months. So they have something or the other new for the consumers, thanks to their excellent innovation. Nokia also come up with customised ads during specific events and festivals. For example, they came up with an ad for Nokia 1110 during Holi last year, with the concept that it’s a colour phone for the festival of colours. b)Sales Promotion Nokia does not stress much on Sales Promotion. This is because today the cell phone market is moving really very fast with new models coming up every third month, and even the consumers are ready to change at such a short period. c)Public Relations (PR) Nokia has strong PR. They keep on doing some or the other new events, programmes and publicity, so as to keep up with the brilliant image of the company and also to enhance the brand equity. One of the instance is they sponsored the COUNTDOWN event for NEW YEAR 2007, wherein they used Nokia 5200 as their prime product. The event featured NELLY FURTADO performing live. The event also concentrated on GLOBAL WARMING. d)Direct Marketing Nokia does not perform Direct Sales activities on its official website www. nokia. com. However, they do have contractual tie ups with other e-commerce websites like www. bay. com, www. amazon. com etc. Nokia does use DEMO style of Direct Marketing. They set up kiosks extensively at various locations such as malls; business parks etc. and had its latest product N 95 for demo. Nokia does not use Direct Mail or Telemarketing styles of Direct Marketing. Consumer Behaviour 1. Social Factors Social factors like feedback on a specific product from family, frien ds and peers influence the decision of a person whether to buy a product or not. For example, Nokia 6800 is technically one of the best phones by Nokia. However, in terms of features it is similar to Nokia 6610. So, the review was not good and hence it affected the sales of Nokia 6800. 2. Personal Factors Personal Factors like age, occupation, lifestyle, income and personality affect the consumer behaviour. For example, a young college going person may consider music and gaming as the add on features. So, he or she may choose a Nokia N – Gage. On the other hand, a professional may consider utility and may buy an N Series phone. 3. Psychological Factors Psychological factors like perception make difference in consumer behaviour. For example, a consumer may not buy a flip or a slide phone if he or she thinks they are delicate handsets. 4. Cultural Factors Not Applicable with respect to Nokia. Place Mix Market Channels- Nokia uses both dealership as well as direct selling strategy. It has opened its retail outlet ‘Nokia Priority’ as well has many authorised dealers at various places. So Nokia uses 0 level, 1 level 2 level Market channel levels. Consumer Manufacturer Dealer Market Channel Levels- ?0 level (outlets and internet) Nokia has their retail outlets ‘Nokia Priority’ also although they directly don’t sell product on their website but they have contractual tie ups with other e-commerce websites like www. bay. com, www. amazon. com etc. ?1 level (Dept stores- Hypercity) Nokia has authorised dealers at various places it also provide their product at super malls like Hypercity. ?2 level (Wholesaler Retailer channel followed) – This is the traditional way of selling which Nokia does follow. Nokia’s products today are available at almost all retail outlets dealing in m obile phones. Vertical Marketing System Administered (Nokia Priority Dealer) and Contractual (Various Dealership) Steps involved in designing market channel E Series )Analysing customer needs and expectations- breakthrough technology and utility b)Objectives and constraints- high profit (market skimming) and (constraint) low volumes c)Identifying channel alternatives- 0, 1 and 2 level d)Evaluating major alternatives- high profits by catering to the needs of higher level income customers, which are increasing in towns and cities e)Selecting channel members f)Training channel members g)Motivating channel members h)Evaluating channel members i)Modify channel arrangements E-Series Market segmentation and targeting strategy Target marketing The market today has large number of customers and to satisfy each of them individually is impossible of any company. So what any company does is it comes out with a product which satisfies majority of its consumers. This is known as target marketing. The target marketing done by Nokia is also the same it targets major portion of the market whose preferences are similar. It does a market survey of understanding the consumers. It is not actually a survey but look at the type of cell phone which a consumer is looking for in the market through the consumers demand. Nokia targets the market by targeting groups holding major part of demand and accordingly manufacture the product. Example: Targeting the lower income group who are looking for a cheaper cell phone in the market like Nokia 1100. In market targeting strategy Nokia falls in â€Å"product specialization† pattern . As it specializes in the same product line. MARKET SEGMENTATION FOR NOKIA: The decibel levels in the cellular market are increasing with service providers stepping on the gas. Not to be left behind, handset manufacturers are using precise segmentation to carve up their share. Divide and rule seems to be working! According to a report published in May 2001, the all-India cellular subscriber figures stand at 38,71,514. With aggressive marketing by service providers, this figure is expected to increase at a very rapid rate. If current decibel levels in the market are anything to go by, these expectations are well on the way to being met. However, amidst this entire melee one cannot ignore the efforts of the handset manufacturers. Both service providers and handset manufacturers have been complementing each other well with each fuelling the demand for the other. Industry observers attribute the success of handset manufacturers to shrewd market segmentation. The big three of the mobile handset market Nokia, Ericsson and Motorola, have studied the market and segmented it precisely. SEGMENTATION OF NOKIA AND SEGMENTATION MODEL FOLLOWED BY COMPETITORS Connecting people! Nokia, arguably the biggest player in the world, has divided the market into four segments: * Hi-fliers: The biggest segment as far as Nokia is concerned consists of Hi-Fliers, corporate executives who use a mobile phone to increase productivity at work. Aged between 25-45, the segment looks for data transmission and other business-related features. In most cases, the company sponsors the handset, hence price is not a major consideration. * Trendsetters: In any technology adoption cycle, the first segment to adopt an emerging technology is dubbed as the early adopters. For Nokia, these early adopters are Trendsetters who are most receptive to advanced models. This was the segment at which WAP-enabled models were aimed. * Social contact: The third segment for Nokia is the upwardly mobile, socially-conscious segment that uses a mobile to stay in touch. Todays youth and affluent housewives constitute two major chunks of the segment. * Assured: The fourth and last segment as defined by Nokia comprises of CEOs, high-profile celebrities, industrialists and other high net worth individuals. The fact that the segment cannot do without a mobile phone makes it the assured segment. Market segmentation Dr Philip Kotler defines market segmentation as â€Å"a process of identifying groups of buyers with different desires or requirements†. Levels of market segmentation:- Mass marketing: Nokia uses mass marketing techniques by manufacturing cell phones which is suitable for major portion of market. Considering the fact that there are a large number of families falling in the middle income group in India, so their buying capacity is kept in mind and accordingly cell phones are introduced in the market. In this way large number of market is target and mass marketing is done by Nokia. Example: Nokia 3310, 1112, 1110. Segment marketing: In segment marketing Nokia identifies groups having similar wants, purchasing power, buying attitude etc and then comes out with phones catering to different major groups and thus satisfying every part of market with its product. Example: Cell phones 6610, 6610i, 2310 which have fm facilities and are less expensive for middle class service people who travel in trains or via any means of transport. This fm facility will attract such group of people and will indulge such people in buying fm cell rather than normal simple cell phones. Niche marketing: The latest E-series and N-series phones introduced by Nokia are a classic example of niche marketing. Nokia with these latest cell phones targeted the higher class businessmen in the society. These cell phones had features like internet access, a large screen and all the possible latest technology introduced till date. These cell phones are expensive and so it clearly shows that Nokia target a small fraction of higher income group in the urban society. Local marketing: When it comes to local marketing Nokia is not into local marketing. But country wise products are manufactured i. e. according to the demand of product in the market. Individual marketing: Nokia in not into manufacturing of product according to customer specifications. Therefore Nokia is still not into customized marketing. Basis of market segmentation:- a) Geographic segmentation 1) Urban 2) Semi urban 3) Rural b) Demographic segmentation 1) Age 2) Income ) Psychological segmentation 1) Personality On the basis of the above factors market segmentation in Nokia takes place. Positioning strategy Positioning strategy is an image which a marketer develops in the minds of the customer in other words perception about the product in the minds of consumer which is formed by the positioning strategy of the marketer. Any company prefers one consistent positioning message. In case of Nokia the positioning strategy used was â€Å"Nokia Connecting People†. But from the time Nokia has been introduced in the market one image which was created in the minds of consumers was it was a ruff and tuff piece i. . its body is hard. But as the time passed by today Nokia with its core positioning is also targeting its technological advancement as positioning strategy. The positioning strategy of any company plays a vital role in creating a psychological perception about the product. Differentiation strategy It is nothing but adding valued difference to the product which a competitor’s product will not be having in it. It is necessary as differentiation is necessary for a product to be recognized and sold in the market. Differentiation tools:- Product differentiation:-Nokia in terms of product differentiation has a better quality outer body. Nokia has its own software’s supporting the features in the cell phone. These make Nokia different from other cell phone companies. NOKIA STRATEGIC MARKETING IN INDIA Nokia redefines fashion phones in India with the latest LAmour collection Nokia has introduced a collection of three trend-inspired mobile phones, the Nokia 7360, Nokia 7370 and Nokia 7380. Each model in Nokias the LAmour Collection offers a beautiful mix of contrasts infusing cultural and ethnic influences with luxurious touches of the unexpected. Hints of vintage and craftsmanship, are fused with natural materials, colours and patterns, all carefully crafted and layered with a passion for detail. In the design and development of the LAmour Collection, Nokias Design team has looked to materials such as amber, ceramic, turquoise, silk and enamel for inspiration. Craft techniques such as enamelling and etching added a creative spark to the graphics, finishes and colours selected for each model in the collection. Nokia 7380: With etched mirrored surface and discreet keyless dial, the Nokia 7380 comes with a leather cover and a mirrored display. The technology includes a 2-megapixel camera and intuitive voice dialing. Key features: †¢Keyless dial †¢2-megapixel camera, 4x zoom †¢Enhanced Voice Commands †¢MP3 player Nokia 7370: The Nokia 7370 swivels open to reveal its elegantly hidden keypad. Beautiful patterns into the elegant metal trims are contrasted by leather-inspired faceplates. The Nokia 7370 is available in two colour schemes, coffee brown and warm amber, with each model offering a distinct set of graphics, screensavers and even dedicated camera keys. Key features: †¢1. 3 megapixel camera, 8x zoom †¢2-inch QVGA colour screen (320 x 240 pixels) Stereo speakers with 3D sound effects †¢Video ring tones †¢FM Radio Nokia 7360: Trend-conscious men and women will appreciate the Nokia 7360s mixture of patterns and textures, which are perfectly complemented by elegant accessories, including straps and carrying pouches. The Nokia 7360 is also available in two signature LAmour Collection colour schemes, coffee brown and warm amber. Nokia has jumped into the growing market of online distribution of tones, graphics and games downloads in India and is offering a choice of 120 games which can be downloaded at Rs 50 per game. However, users will have to shell out an additional Rs 10-25 for the airtime depending on the size of the game. Nokia claims to be the first handset manufacturer to enter this business in India and the first company to launch games downloads in the Indian market. So far, only online content and utility services companies such as MSN and Yahoo have been offering ringtones and graphics downloads to mobile phone enthusiasts. The business of offering ringtones and graphics is growing almost by 100 per cent, according to industry experts. The download business for the calendar year 2003 was estimated to be around Rs 10 crore and is expected to touch Rs 20 crore this year. These estimates do not take airtime charges paid by the users for downloads. â€Å"Nokia is not entering this business to make money. In fact, a large part of the revenue will be shared by the service operators and content providers. Our interest is to help mobile service operators to increase their average revenue per user (ARPU) and to influence mobile phone users to upgrade to the latest models being launched by the company,† Nokia India marketing head Gautam Advani said. Mr Advani claimed that the company launched a game named ’Makhan Chor’ during ’Janmasthmi Utsav’ last month and the response was very encouraging. Nokia India has already tied up with with Bollywood production houses such as Harry Baweja, Rajshri Pictures and RS Entertainment for graphics and movies. It has also entered into an agreement with Indian Performing Rights Society for ringtones. PROMOTIONAL STRATEGIES: Push or Pull Marketing theory distinguishes between two main kinds of promotional strategy push and pull. Push A â€Å"push† promotional strategy makes use of a companys sales force and trade promotion activities to create consumer demand for a product. The producer promotes the product to wholesalers, the wholesalers promote it to retailers, and the retailers promote it to consumers. A good example of push selling is mobile phones, where the major handset manufacturers such as Nokia promote their products via retailers such as Carphone Warehouse. Personal selling and trade promotions are often the most effective promotional tools for companies such as Nokia for example offering subsidies on the handsets to encourage retailers to sell higher volumes. A push strategy tries to sell directly to the consumer, bypassing other distribution channels (e. g. selling insurance or holidays directly). With this type of strategy, consumer promotions and advertising are the most likely promotional tools. Pull A â€Å"pull† selling strategy is one that requires high spending on advertising and consumer promotion to build up consumer demand for a product. If the strategy is successful, consumers will ask their retailers for the product, the retailers will ask the wholesalers, and the wholesalers will ask the producers. A good example of a pull is the heavy advertising and promotion of childrens’ toys – mainly on television. Consider the recent BBC promotional campaign for its new pre-school programme – the Fimbles. Aimed at two to four-year-olds, 130 episodes of Fimbles have been made and are featured everyday on digital childrens channel CBeebies and BBC2. As part of the promotional campaign, the BBC has agreed a deal with toy maker Fisher-Price to market products based on the show, which it hopes will emulate the popularity of the Tweenies. Under the terms of the deal, Fisher-Price will develop, manufacture and distribute a range of Fimbles products including soft, plastic and electronic learning toys for the UK and Ireland. PRICING STRATEGIES Ultra low cost phonesless than Rs 2,000are fuelling demand in cost-sensitive India, where more than 4 million new users are entering the 85. 4 million strong wireless sector each month. The number of mobile services users surged 47 percent in 2005, and now exceeds the population of Germany. India is expected to be the worlds third largest mobile market by the end of this year, behind China and the United States. We anticipate that there will be a long-term sustainable demand for mobile telephony in the fast-growing Indian market, Chief Executive Jorma Ollila said at the launch of the plant in Sriperumbudur, on the outskirts of Chennai. Bundles: Another category where penetration is next to negligible is the fast-growing mobile telephony market — penetration stands at roughl y 5%. Here, even as price continues to be a significant factor for determining the choice of handset or service provider, the value equation, according to Sanjay Behl, marketing head of Nokia India, is even more imperative. Nokia found success with its ‘Made in India’ Nokia 1100, which incorporated unique features such as a torchlight, a dust-resistant keypad and an anti-slip grip to appeal to the semi-urban markets. Importantly, Behl says that even applications and software — such as T9 or language interface and text input — have to be customised to meet consumer needs. The 1100, which currently retails at Rs 2,700, is the largest selling handset in India with a market share of about 25% in terms of volumes, and 16% in terms of value. On the other hand, another Nokia phone, the 2600, priced at Rs 4,200, is the highest selling colour model in India, with a 7% market share. In the colour segment alone, the 2600 has a 17% share. â€Å"Clear evidence of how features (colour screen) and price have been cleverly bundled to drive penetration,† says Behl. Four P’s In popular usage, Marketing is the promotion of products, especially Advertising and Branding. However, in professional usage the term has a wider meaning which recognizes that marketing is customer centered. Products are often developed to meet the desires of groups of customers or even, in some cases, for specific customers. E. Jerome McCarthy divided marketing into four general sets of activities. His typology has become so universally recognized that his four activity sets, the Four P’s, have passed into the language. The Four P’s are: †¢Product: The product aspects of marketing deal with the specifications of the actual good or service, and how it relates to the end-users needs and wants. The scope of a product generally includes supporting elements such as warranties, guarantees, and support. Pricing: This refers to the process of setting a price for a product, including discounts. The price need not be monetary it can simply be what is exchanged for the product or service, e. g. time, or attention. †¢Promotion: This includes advertising, Sales promotion, Publicity, and personal selling, and refers to the various methods of promoting the product, brand, or c ompany. †¢Placement: refers to how the product gets to the customer; for example, point of sale placement or Retailing. This fourth P has also sometimes been called Place, referring to the channel by which a product or service is sold (e. g. online vs. etail), which geographic region or industry, to which segment (young adults, families, business people), etc. PRODUCTS OFFERED BY NOKIA There are Various Ranges of Products that Nokia Offers. Especially in Mobile phones Nokia is the Leading Manufacturer in it. Nokia Offers various Mobile Phones with varied Quality, Shape, Size, Colour, etc. Nokia Offers a Varied Range of Mobile Phones Other accessories with it. All Mobile phones are having Different Specifications in it. Nokia is Launching a New Products Every Year. It First Does Analysis of Market according to Taste of Consumers It Launches its Products in Market. Till now Nokia has Launched a No. of Products in Market It had been very Successful for Nokia after launching so many products. Nokia has Strengthened its Strategy of Working in Market. It has Revolutionised all sectors in Market. No one is So Powerful as Nokia in Field of Mobile Phones in India. There are so many Mobile Phones been in Market by Nokia. Several New Techniques Upgradation is being done to enhance launch a new product every time in Market. Nokia’s R D Department is very much in Progress for working over bringing a special change in every mobile phone its launching in market. After Launching Various Mobile phones in market till now, Nokia is now Launching various new Models of Mobile Phones i. e it is bringing new changes in the series of Mobile Phones. Firstly All Mobile Phones used to have only Black White/ Colour Display, Messaging. But now Nokia has launched Various New Models of Mobile Phones in Mobile Series that it Has Rocked the Market. The New Models are having various Greater, Advanced Facilities from that of other phones till now. These New Models Which Nokia is going to Launch in market is having all Types of Features/Facilities like:- 1)Instant Messaging )Brighter/Broader Enhanced Colour Display 3)Large Screen 4)Touch Screen System 5)Enhanced Radio Facility 6)Mp3 System 7)Internet/GPRS 2. 0 8)Support for Ms-Office 9)Cool Applications Games 10)Bluetooth Connectivity 11)Wireless Earphones 12) Slim Body 13) 2. 0 Mega pixel Camera etc Product Portfolio Nokia launches handsets to drive mobility NEW DELHI Nokia launched two new affordable handset s models, 1110 and 1600, which target first-time buyers and have talking alarm and clock in five regional languages along with innovative features for ‘ease of use’. With these new mobile phones, Nokia has expanded its entry-level portfolio in India. The Nokia 1110 (black and white display) and Nokia 1600 (coloured display) are ideal for first time users as they have an inbuilt graphical demo mode which allow users to access and familiarise themselves with the main functions of the handset, even without inserting a SIM card. Another stand out feature of these new handsets is the unique Talking Alarm and Clock in five regional languages including Hindi, Tamil, Bengali, Marathi and Gujarati. Nokia handsets are renowned for their ease of use and the Nokia 1110 and 1600 phones continue this tradition with a new intuitive user interface that makes full use of graphical icons and large font sizes and the built-in hands-free speaker. With the new menu structure accessing basic features, such as managing calls and contacts become easier. In addition to polyphonic and MP3-grade sound ringtones, the Nokia 1110 and Nokia 1600 also feature a unique cost-management feature, such as Nokia Prepaid Tracker support to help users monitor their phone usage. This will be an operator dependent service. Reiterating Nokia’s intent to drive affordable mobility in India and grow the base of mobile phone users. Sanjeev Sharma, Managing Director, Nokia Mobile Phones, said: â€Å"With the introduction of these new handsets we have further strengthened our entry level product portfolio by bringing in feature rich handsets with localised applications. Only 5 percent of the population understands the English language. Nokia has always tried to reach out to the masses, which has been demonstrated by our past endeavours in introducing Hindi SMS and even in our earlier campaigns. These handsets are yet another example of Nokia’s innovation and commitment to introduce products that are relevant for Indian consumers. The Nokia 1110 and 1600 announce the dawn of a new age. Its unique talking alarm will wake up millions of Indians, not only to their daily lives, but also to a new era of mobility which has been captured in our campaign called Jaago India Jaago,† Detailing the rationale behind the Jaago India Jaago advertising campaign, Sharma said: â€Å"Indians are extremely proud of how the country has been progressing. The growth of mobility is one of the key indicators of the economic progress in India. The advertising campaign therefore uses the ‘Talking Alarm’ functionality of the Nokia 1110 and 1600 as a metaphor to convey how more and more Indians were waking up to mobility through Nokia handsets and participating in the progress. † Both these handsets also offer much longer talk time than the current entry phones. Nokia 1110 and Nokia 1600 phones have excellent voice quality and coverage based on state-of-the-art radio software. The new technology enables operators to add voice capacity within their networks smoothly and cost-efficiently while improving network capacity and call quality. These were all above were Some of Features of New Upcoming Models of Nokia. Now let us Study Some of the Nokia New Models its Features in Detail. They are as Follows:- NEW UPCOMING MODELS OF NOKIA Nokia 2630 Key Features †¢Ultra-slim design measuring at only 9. 9 mm †¢Capture and share photos with a VGA camera with 4x digital zoom †¢Share and transfer data via Bluetooth, GPRS, email and Internet †¢Listen to FM Radio in an instant with a one-touch key †¢Personalize your Ringtone with any MP3 Audio File 1)Nokia 2760 Key Features Refreshing, trendy design that’s progressively stylish †¢Capture stills or videos with a VGA camera or tune in to FM Radio for music enjoyment †¢Enjoy larger user memory for storing more photos, MP3 ringtones and entries into phonebook †¢Connect to the world via Bluetooth, GPRS and email 2)Nokia 6110 Key Features †¢One touch navigation button provides easy access to GPS function and maps †¢With HSDPA for fast web browsing and downloading of maps †¢2 megapixel camera and QVGA TFT 2. 2 screen †¢Keeping your images crystal clear with lens slide protection screen †¢Listen to your messages read aloud with Message reader ) Nokia E90 Key Features †¢Browse the Internet and transfer media-rich files via HSDPA (up to 3. 6 Mbit/s enabled) and 3G high-speed mobile broadband †¢Increase mobile productivity with applications for viewing and editing documents †¢Talk on every continent with quad-band GSM and automatic switching between bands †¢Access voice and data functions quickly and easily with convenient shortcut keys †¢Locate meeting venues, restaurants, and places of interest with the integrated GPS †¢Send images captured with the integrated 3. 2 megapixel camera with flash and autofocus 3)Nokia 1650 Key Features †¢Easy one-touch key to activate FM radio in an instant †¢Enjoy easy viewing with the 65,536 colors, large screen display and large font type when dialing †¢Personalize your phone ring with quality MP3-grade and 32 Polyphonic ringtones †¢Extend your talk time with Power Saver mode Convenient one-touch key to switch on built-in flashlight 4)Nokia 2355 Key Features †¢Vibrant 128 x 128 pixels display in 65,536 colors †¢Sleek polished fold design †¢Integrated FM radio †¢Integrated flashlight †¢Internet ready with WAP 2. 0 browser †¢Multimedia messaging (MMS) functionality )Nokia 1325 Key Features †¢Slim 15. 2mm design †¢Brilliant 65,536 color display (96 x 65 pixels) †¢Convenient Integrated Handsfree Speaker †¢32-chord/voice polyphonic MIDI ringing tones †¢Large phonebook with 400 contacts and 5 entries per contact 6)Nokia 1208 Key Features †¢Experience enhanced visual with the 65,536 color displ ay †¢Dust and splash proof with rubberized keypad and anti-slippery back cover †¢Bright flashlight for convenience and emergency †¢Timer tracker feature helps you controls the duration of each call †¢Multiple phonebook makes sharing phone easier Easy–to-use menu in multi languages with calendars 7)Nokia 1200 Key Features †¢Dust and splash proof with rubberized keypad and anti-slippery back cover †¢Bright flashlight for convenience and emergency †¢Timer tracker feature helps you controls the duration of each call †¢Multiple phonebook makes sharing phone easier †¢Easy–to-use menu in multi languages with calendars 9) Nokia 2505 Key Features †¢Sleek and elegant at a slim 16. 65mm †¢Quick-press flashlight †¢65,536 colors with 128 x 160 pixels display †¢Two-way handsfree speakerphone †¢32-polyphonic MIDI speaker Popular Nokia user interface with 4-way scroll and center-select key †¢Store up to 300 contacts in phonebook, with 5 entries per contact SWOT ANALYSIS Introduction In this part of my investigation I am constructing a SWOT analysis for Nokia. I will have to Analyse the external factors that may prevent Nokia from re-launching WAP enabled mobile phones onto the market. SWOT Analysis SWOT Analysis, is a Strategic planning tool used to evaluate the Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats involved in a Project or in a Business venture. It involves specifying the objective of the business venture or project and identifying the internal and external factors that are favorable and unfavorable to achieving that objective SWOT ANALYSIS OF COMPANY NOKIA I) MODERN SWOT ANALSYIS A SWOT analysis conducts an external and internal scan of Nokias business environment, it is an important part of the strategic planning process. Environmental factors internal to the firm usually can be classified as strengths (S), or weaknesses (W), and those external to the firm can be classified as opportunities (O) or threats (T). Such an analysis of the strategic environment is referred to as a SWOT analysis. The SWOT analysis provides information that is helpful in matching the firms resources and capabilities to the competitive environment in which it operates. As such, it is instrumental in strategy formulation and selection. . STRENGTHS -Is a dominant player in the smartphone market via its majority ownership of Symbian and its propritary Series 60 user interface which are projected to represent majority of the 100M smartphones sold in the next 4 years. 33% market share still the largest cell phone vendor by far, with double the market share of nearest competitr Size should enable Nokia to amortize R costs and to get cost advantages Brand position: probably one of the top 20 brands in the world WEAKNESSES -The N-Gage is considered a flop Being the market leader and its increase role in Symbian is giving Nokia a bad image, much like Microsoft in the PC industry. Slow to adopt new ways of thinking: a go od example are clamshell phones which are preferred by many customers. Nokia was reluctant to produce a clamshell until this year, when it launched its first model. OPPORTUNTIIES Increase their presence in the CDMA market, which they are just entering, as well as 3G and Edge New growth markets where cell phone adoption still has room to go, including India and other countries. Leverage its infrastructure business to get preference and a stronger position with carriers THREATS Late in the game in 3G creates a risk to be displaced by leaders like Motorola, LG, NEC and others. Asian OEMs who are entering the market very agressively (TCL, nGo Bird) ODMs (HTC and others) enabling carriers to leverage their customer power bypassing the handset vendor. Operators want to lessen their dependency on handset vendors and the dominance of Nokia. Orange, O2, and many other operators globally are selling their own brand of phones. CONCLUSION From the Above Project I Had Come to this Conclusion That Nokia has Implemented Various Strategies in Developing It Products on a Large Scale Becoming No. 1 Leader in The World of Mobile Phones. Nokia has used various Techniques to implement its products into the market. As per my Opinion Nokia had introduced various schemes to attract people gain more goodwill into market. I would like to conclude that Nokia had been launching various new products Strategies throughout the year but still it is the No. 1 brand leader in Mobile Phones. Many people around the globe are purchasing Nokia phones as they are very cheap, good efficient to operate. Nokia had used various marketing strategies to enhance its products into market also they have used better efficient market segmentation strategies to market its products according to various segments of customers in the market. Nokia as such has used all Modern Good techiques to tackle problems of customers in market. Customer Care Feedback is also given more importance to increase the sales of product. Better, Efficient Advanced Techniques are used to increase the sales of product. Also Nokia is largest manufacturer of mobile phones in India also the No. 1 Leader in it. Various Promotional Strategies are being enrolled into the market to promote the products. New Models their Strategies are being well utilized to enhance the product.

Free Essays on Bill Of Rights

In 1791, the Bill of Rights, consisting of 10 amendments, was ratified into the constitution. The document’s purpose was to spell out the liberties of the people that the government could not infringe upon. Considered necessary by many at the time of its development, the Bill of Rights became the cause for a huge debate between two different factions: The Federalists and the Anti-Federalists. The Federalists were those who thought that there should be a new Union created with a strong centralized government and individual regional governments. They felt that it was not necessary for there to be a bill of rights because it was implied that those rights the Constitution did not specifically state would be handed down to the states. On the other hand, the Anti-Federalists were opposed to such a form of government on the grounds that the Constitution, in which it was outlined, lacked clarity in the protections of the individuals. The Anti-Federalists- whose memory of British oppre ssion was still fresh in their minds- wanted certain rights and guarantees that were to be apart of the constitution (Glasser 1991). A clear demonstration of the Anti-Federalist attitude was performed by Samuel Bryan, who published a series of essays named the ‘Cenitnal Essays,’ which â€Å"assailed the sweeping power of the central government, the usurpation of state sovereignty, and the absence of a bill of rights guaranteeing individual liberties such as freedom of speech and freedom of religion (Bran 1986).† Of course, the freedoms stated above are a portion and not the whole of The Bill of Rights. Ultimately, The Bill of Rights was adopted to appease the Anti-Federalists, whose support was necessary to ratify the constitution, and who believed that without the liberties granted therein, the new constitution- that they thought was vague and granted too much power to the central government- would give way to an elite tyrannical government. The purpose... Free Essays on Bill Of Rights Free Essays on Bill Of Rights In 1791, the Bill of Rights, consisting of 10 amendments, was ratified into the constitution. The document’s purpose was to spell out the liberties of the people that the government could not infringe upon. Considered necessary by many at the time of its development, the Bill of Rights became the cause for a huge debate between two different factions: The Federalists and the Anti-Federalists. The Federalists were those who thought that there should be a new Union created with a strong centralized government and individual regional governments. They felt that it was not necessary for there to be a bill of rights because it was implied that those rights the Constitution did not specifically state would be handed down to the states. On the other hand, the Anti-Federalists were opposed to such a form of government on the grounds that the Constitution, in which it was outlined, lacked clarity in the protections of the individuals. The Anti-Federalists- whose memory of British oppre ssion was still fresh in their minds- wanted certain rights and guarantees that were to be apart of the constitution (Glasser 1991). A clear demonstration of the Anti-Federalist attitude was performed by Samuel Bryan, who published a series of essays named the ‘Cenitnal Essays,’ which â€Å"assailed the sweeping power of the central government, the usurpation of state sovereignty, and the absence of a bill of rights guaranteeing individual liberties such as freedom of speech and freedom of religion (Bran 1986).† Of course, the freedoms stated above are a portion and not the whole of The Bill of Rights. Ultimately, The Bill of Rights was adopted to appease the Anti-Federalists, whose support was necessary to ratify the constitution, and who believed that without the liberties granted therein, the new constitution- that they thought was vague and granted too much power to the central government- would give way to an elite tyrannical government. The purpose... Free Essays on Bill Of Rights The first ten amendments of the Constitution of the United States are called the Bill of Rights. These amendments were ratified on December 15, 1791. The first amendment deals with religion, speech, assembly, and politics. The second amendment talks about the militia and right to bear arms. The third amendment discuses the topic of quartering soldiers. The fourth amendment talks about search and seizures. The Fifth Amendment talks about juries, self-incrimination, double jeopardy, due process and eminent domain. The sixth amendment deals with criminal court procedures. The seventh amendment is the right of trial by jury in common law cases. The eighth amendment discusses bail, cruel and unusual punishment. The ninth amendment deals with the rights retained by the people. The last amendment talks about powers to the people and/or states. The first amendment states the congress can not make any laws respecting a religion. Everyone has the right to pick his or her own religion. The government is not allowed to tell the people that they have to all picks the same religion. The amendment also talks about the freedom of speech and/or the press. The people are allowed to speak their mind. No one can tell someone to be quiet to this amendment. First amendment also discusses the freedom to peacefully assemble. This means that people can protest as long as that they do it in a peacefulable way. They can not interfere with other things going on like traffic. They can not block traffic, doors and entrances. The second amendment is about the militia and the right to bear arms. We will always need the National Guard in case of any state disasters. We need to be able to keep on running well and trained. If we don’t keep up a good Guard then we will not be able to respond to disasters. There are a lot of associations that make sure we can have the right to bear arms. The NRA (National Rifle Association) is a very outspoken group for the amendm...

Understanding the Significance of Pandoras Box

Understanding the Significance of Pandora's Box A Pandoras box is a metaphor in our modern languages, and the proverbial phrase refers to a source of endless complications or trouble arising from a single, simple miscalculation. Pandoras story comes to us from ancient Greek mythology, specifically a set of epic poems by Hesiod, called the Theogony and Works and Days. Written during the 7th century BC, these poems relate how the gods came to create Pandora and how the  gift Zeus gave her ultimately ends the Golden Age of humankind. The Story of Pandoras Box According to Hesiod, Pandora was a curse on mankind as retribution after the Titan Prometheus stole fire and gave it to humans. Zeus had Hermes hammer the first human woman- Pandora- out of the earth. Hermes made her lovely as a goddess, with the gift of speech to tell lies, and the mind and nature of a treacherous dog. Athena dressed her in silvery clothing and taught her weaving; Hephaestus crowned her with a marvelous golden diadem of animals and sea creatures; Aphrodite poured grace on her head and desire and cares to weaken her limbs. Pandora was to be the first of a race of women, the first bride and a great misery who would live with mortal men as companions only in times of plenty, and desert them when times became difficult. Her name means both she who gives all gifts and she who was given all gifts. Never let it be said that Greeks had any use for women in general. All the Ills of the World Then Zeus sent this beautiful treachery as a gift to Prometheus brother Epimetheus, who ignored Prometheuss advice to never accept gifts from Zeus. In the house of Epimetheus, there was a jar- in some versions, it too was a gift from Zeus- and because of her insatiable greedy womans curiosity, Pandora lifted the lid on it. Out from the jar flew every trouble known to humanity. Strife, sickness, toil  and myriad other ills escaped from the jar to afflict men and women forever more. Pandora managed to keep one spirit in the jar as she shut the lid, a timid sprite named Elpis, usually translated as hope. Box, Casket or Jar? But our modern phrase says Pandoras box: how did that happen? Hesiod said the evils of the world were kept in a pithos, and that was uniformly employed by all Greek writers in telling the myth until the 16th century AD. Pithoi are huge storage jars that are typically partly buried in the ground. The first reference to something other than a pithos comes from the 16th-century writer Lilius Giraldus of Ferrara, who in 1580 used the word pyxis (or casket) to refer to the holder of evils opened by Pandora. Although the translation was not exact, it is a meaningful error, because a pyxis is a whited sepulcher, a beautiful fraud. Eventually, the casket became simplified as box.   Harrison (1900) argued that this mistranslation explicitly removed the Pandora myth from its association with All Souls Day, or rather the Athenian version, the festival of Anthesteria. The two-day drinking festival involves opening wine casks on the first day (the Pithoigia), releasing the souls of the dead; on the second day, men anointed their doors with pitch and chewed blackthorn to keep the newly released souls of the departed away. Then the casks were sealed again. Harrisons argument is bolstered by the fact that Pandora is a cult name of the great goddess Gaia. Pandora is not just any willful creature, she is the personification of Earth itself; both Kore and Persephone, made from the earth and rising from the underworld. The pithos connects her to the earth, the box or casket minimizes her importance. The Meaning of the Myth Hurwit (1995) says that the myth explains why humans must work to survive, that Pandora represents the beautiful figure of dread, something for which men can find no device or remedy. The quintessential woman was created to beguile men with her beauty and uncontrollable sexuality, to introduce falsehood and treachery and disobedience into their lives. Her task was to let loose all the evils upon the world  while trapping hope, unavailable to mortal men. Pandora is a trick gift, a punishment for the good of Promethean fire, she is, in fact, Zeuss price of fire. Brown points out that Hesiods story of Pandora is the icon of archaic Greek ideas of sexuality and economics. Hesiod didnt invent Pandora, but he did adapt the story to show that Zeus was the supreme being who shaped the world and caused the misery of the human lot, and how that caused human descent from the original bliss of a carefree existence. Pandora and Eve At this point, you may recognize in Pandora the story of the Biblical Eve. She too was the first woman, and she too was responsible for destroying an innocent, all-male Paradise and unleashing suffering ever after. Are the two related? Several scholars including Brown and Kirk argue that the Theogony was based on Mesopotamian tales, although blaming a woman for all the evils of the world is definitely more Greek than Mesopotamian. Both Pandora and Eve may well share a similar source. Sources Edited and updated by K. Kris Hirst Brown AS. 1997. Aphrodite and the Pandora Complex. The Classical Quarterly 47(1):26-47.Harrison JE. 1900. Pandoras Box. The Journal of Hellenic Studies 20:99-114.Hurwit JM. 1995. Beautiful Evil: Pandora and the Athena Parthenos. American Journal of Archaeology 99(2):171-186.Kirk GS. 1972. Greek Mythology: Some New Perspectives. The Journal of Hellenic Studies 92:74-85.Wolkow BM. 2007. The Mind of a Bitch: Pandoras Motive and Intent in the Erga. Hermes 135(3):247-262.

Argos online retailer, United Kingdom. Web Development Assignment

Argos online retailer, United Kingdom. Web Development - Assignment Example Many of these shops are Argos superstores that have later opening hours and a comprehensive range of both Argos Extra catalogue and Argos catalogue goods for buyers to make a choice from before the purchase. Many people in the UK live within ten Kilometers from the nearest Argos store and it has the popularity of top brands delivery at low prices to the clients. There is ready access to the Argos full range of products on the online store for home delivery and purchase. The online service store additionally provides information on products and services such as Argos wedding list service, insurance and others-either online or offline. On one hand, Argos has its own out of the ordinary set of marketing challenges and opportunities. While the roots of marketing, unique advantages that customer cares to have, are similar for most online businesses, some ideas work well for Argos as a business in contrast to another. Small businesses have the advantage of knowing their customers on a more personal level and have easier time turning them into fans as compared to large businesses, such as Argos store. Giving the clients more than they expect is the beginning down the success road and they do the marketing to others (Cockrum 2011). In order for your web site to be productive, users must find useful information or accomplish tasks. In a goal-oriented design you must balance the needs of the users and the needs of your organizations (Concepcion 2002, p. 81). This can be achieved by setting a full set of usage scenarios for each persona. One can the use the scenarios to test the site structure making sure it offers and experience that includes all the basic elements that are needed by the users to reach their goals. In this day, marketing takes an important role in many facets of an online business’ life and process (Krug 2005). It can be defined as a management process where goods and services are provided well to reach customer needs and satisfaction. It is a way of attracting people’s attention, arousing their interests, motivating and activating their desire to take action. One strategy that can be very useful to satisfy customer needs more easily and lead a company towards success is a set of effective internet marketing tools. In simple language a website is much more than a sum of its constituent parts. One of the criteria to judge a website is the content. This evaluates the information provided in terms of usefulness, degree of information, interaction and presence of valuable graphics, audio or video (Mcneil 2008, p. 28). Structure and navigation of the website is also an important feature to look for. This refers to the framework of a website, prioritization of information, organization of the content and the method which you move through the website. Visual design with high quality appearance is also a feature to consider. The first impression a website gives is important and it often influences the visitor’s interes t in the website. This is defined by the URL length, download time, plug-ins requirement, home screen view and depth of site. Functionality of the website is also a prominent criterion. It defines the use of technology on the site where good functionality means the site works well. The presence of live links, quick load time is a factor. Also a site that works cross-platform on different browsers is an important factor. A highly functional site will anticipate the diversity of the user requirements from file format, file size and download speed. Last but not least is the interactivity and overall experience. This is the way that a site allows you to achieve an intended goal. Allowing a user to give and receive and having the user participate is important. A user with a good overall experienc

The relationship between narrator and a couple Essay

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